Encounter South Africa
 

 
     
   
Home
 What to do
 Where to go
 Article Archive
 Events
 Travel Tools

 

The Xhosa

Comments

philip

philip

philip

philip

philip

The people of the Xhosa Tribe of South Africa have a very rich cultural heritage and have played an important part in the development of South Africa, especially when the most famous member of the Xhosa, Nelson Mandela, became South Africa's first president elected in a democratic election in 1994.

During the seventeenth century, a gradual migration movement took place which led thousands of people from southern Zaire in various directions to cover most of Africa south of the Sahara. One of the tribes who took part in this migration was the Xhosa, descendant from a clan of the Nguni. Today the Xhosa is the most southern group of the migrations from Central Africa into the southern Africa areas.

The Xhosa finally settled in the area that is now known as the Eastern Cape (formerly the Transkei and Ciskei) and comprises of a number of clans, the main groups being the Gcaleka, Ngika, Ndlambe, Dushane, Qayi, Ntinde and, of Khoisan origin, the Gqunkhwebe.

Today, many of the Xhosa-speaking people are an integrated part of South African society and have mostly adopted the western culture. However, many Xhosa living in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape are still bound by the traditions and lifestyle of their ancestors and many customs and rituals have stayed intact.

The Xhosa were, and still are, known for the magnificence and variety of their beadwork. Traditionally, their garments and ornamentation reflected the stages of a woman's life: a certain headdress was worn by a newly married girl; a different style by one who had given birth to her first child, and so on.

Marriages - the Xhosa are polygamous (though today only the wealthier men have more than one wife) - involved protracted negotiations between the families of the bride and groom over the payment of the bride price (lobola).

The Xhosa man traditionally fulfilled the roles of warrior, hunter and stockman; the woman looked after the land and the growing of the crops.

A clan comprised of a number of groups, each led by a chief, or Inkosi, who owed his position to his mother's status (the society, however, was a patriarchal one in which women weren't formally accorded political authority).

The land was communally held; and great emphasis placed on giving according to need: everything was shared, in bad times as well as good; Xhosa families still routinely help one another with such tasks as hut-building.

The body of Xhosa lore has much in common with that of the other Nguni peoples such as the Zulu and Swazi. Animism, and recognition of the presence and power of ancestral spirits and of a supreme authority, are basic elements of belief. Misfortune and illness are attributed to unnatural of supernatural influences (such as the tokoloshe, a hairy and potentially malevolent goblin who attacks at night). Other figures are the huge lightning bird (Impundulu), and the gentle aBantu bomlambo, human-like beings believed to live in rivers and the sea, and who accept into their family those who drown.

The Xhosa also have so-called diviners in their tribes. The diviner is the Xhosa's healer. Diviners help the people in the tribe with phsycological, physical, mental, and medical illnesses. The diviners are mostly women. They wear a shawl and headdress of fur most of the time. It takes about five years of being an assistant to a diviner until you become one yourself.

Initiation rites differ markedly between the various African peoples; with increasing urbanization many groups have abandoned circumcision altogether. Among the Xhosa, the youths whiten their bodies and wear a white blanket or sheepskin to ward off evil. During the ceremonies, enlivened by energetic dances, they wear costumes made from reeds, and at the end of the lengthy initiation period - spent in isolation from the rest of the community - the specially-built huts in which the young men have been living are ceremoniously burned.

The Xhosa language is sometimes also called a 'click' language because of the use of so many click sounds as consonants. These sounds were borrowed from the Khoisan languages of the Khoikhoi and San families, who originally lived in the area. The x in Xhosa represents a click like the sound used in English to spur a horse on, followed by aspiration (a release of breath represented by the h). In English the name is commonly pronounced with an English k sound for the x.

Reading
Wikipedia
SA History
Name choices among the Xhosa





Comments
Ndicela ukwazi ngemvelaphi yo sandla abangothuse,ncamase onogadula bona basealice ithi imbali babesuka emount fletcher,ukhokho wayengumfundisi ekhobonqaba watshata nentombi yasedikeni waphelela apho,ndicela nabanina onolwazi lalomlandu andazise.

Posted by: kuksie
If the xhosas borrowed cliks from Khoikhoi, what were the whosas before the 1600 as you say they did not come across khoikhoi then.

Posted by: Nkomo
Molweni kwaXhosa ndicela ukwazi imvelaphi yam, iingcambu zam. Ifani yam ndingu Sityata, please help.

Posted by: Sisanda
bBendicela ukwazi ngama Ntlane nemvelaphi yawo.

Posted by: nosipho
The idea that the Nguni tribes migrated in waves from central Africa south of the Sahara in the 17th century is false. We settled here generations before that! Archeology proves that point, read the book called "New History Of South Africa" by Hermann Giliomee & Bernard Mbenga, and stop lying to our people.

Posted by: Ludwe
Ndicela nindiphe imvelaphi yamagadluma.

Posted by: Mr Linda
I want to know where the Xhosa's come from?

Posted by: tera
Mna ndingu Matshabangu uMafuza fulele njengelifu lemvula apha esidukweni kuhamba kuhambe kubekhona uHlubi and I am confused about the origin of aMatshabangu and if we are Xhosa or what help me.

Posted by: zanele
My Surname is Mnguni, Please assist with the History and Clan Names (Xhosa).

Posted by: Lwandile Mnguni
Incwadi ethi iziduko zamaHlubi ithi..
uBhele can be traced emaHlubini he was once king of amaHlubi.
While he was king, amaHlubi were known as "imiHuhu" others called them "amaNgele ngele" Now during Bhele's reign, he had
a daughter and her name was Hlubi. Hlubi was very beautiful and became famous because of her beauty, she became so famous that the other nations refered to amaNgele ngele as Hlubi.
Refer to this link:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlubi_people for a list of Hlubi kings

More indepth information on amaBhele: http://www.amabhele.org/documents/pdf/amabhele-history.pdf

isatshaya into kaMdange.

Posted by: Mbuy Klaas

[See more...]


 


 
   

Web Design & Web Hosting by Ehost.co.za | Get your Free Fax to Email number here